Templo de Diana - Mérida, Badajoz, España
Posted by: Groundspeak Premium Member xeocach
N 38° 54.987 W 006° 20.661
29S E 730245 N 4310858
Construido por el Imperio Romano en el siglo I d.C. – BIC desde 1913 // Built by the Roman Empire in the 1st century AD. - BIC since 1913
Waymark Code: WM17P4F
Location: Extremadura, Spain
Date Posted: 03/18/2023
Published By:Groundspeak Premium Member pmaupin
Views: 0

[ES] “Se levantó en el foro municipal de la ciudad romana Augusta Emerita siguiendo la configuración habitual de los templos de la antigüedad clásica y es el único edificio religioso romano que ha perdurado en Mérida en un aceptable estado de conservación. En realidad estaba dedicado al culto imperial, no a la diosa Diana, y debió ser uno de los templos principales de la urbe, a juzgar por su dedicación y por el lugar preeminente que ocupaba en el espacio urbano.

El llamado templo de Diana estaba emplazado en lo que fue el foro central de Mérida, próximo al cruce de las dos vías principales de la ciudad, el cardo y el decumano, cuya línea sigue la actual calle de Santa Eulalia, y sería uno de los edificios monumentales que acotaron este espacio. Orientado de norte a sur, su fachada posterior sería paralela al decumano. Dentro del espacio amplio del foro, el templo se concibió con su propio recinto ajardinado, abierto al foro, mediante un pórtico de pilastras y con dos estanques frente a las fachadas mayores.

La estructura de este templo es similar a la de otros como la Maison Carrée de Nimes o los templos dedicados a Augusto en Vienne y Barcelona. La construcción de planta rectangular se eleva sobre un podio alto de 3,23 m revestido de sillares bien recortados y dispuestos a soga y tizón, que remata con una cornisa moldurada. Sobre este podio se eleva una columnata de la que conservamos poco más de la mitad de las columnas, suficientes para ofrecer una visión general de su volumen original. Es un templo períptero —es decir, rodeado de columnas— con un pórtico hexástilo —seis columnas en su frente— y once columnas en los laterales mayores. Las proporciones de su planta son 32 × 18,5 m, mientras que las columnas tienen una altura de ocho metros.

Las columnas se apoyan sobre basas áticas y tienen el fuste estriado. Sobre los capiteles de orden corintio en algunos tramos pervive la viga del arquitrabe, cuyo adorno original podemos adivinar por algunos fragmentos recuperados en las excavaciones. No queda ningún resto de la cubierta original del edificio más arriba de este arquitrabe, si bien el hallazgo de algunas piezas sueltas hace suponer que el frontón triangular contaba con un arco de medio punto de descarga, hoy reconstruido y bien visible, similar al del Templo de Augustobriga en Talavera la Vieja, Cáceres.

Todos los elementos se elaboraron en piedra de granito, extraída de diversas canteras de los alrededores de Mérida, pero el acabado exterior que ahora presentan es muy distinto al original. Irían recubiertos de estuco, como se ha podido comprobar en algunos sillares donde todavía permanece adosado al granito, con lo cual se disimulaba la tosquedad de esta roca y se perfilaban con más refinamiento los adornos de las columnas y los capiteles. Es posible incluso que el basamento fuera también recubierto de este modo, como hace suponer algún fragmento de estuco localizado en su superficie.

El interior del templo, la cella, por ahora no se puede reconstruir. Apenas quedan algunos basamentos internos que nos permiten entrever la división de este lugar sagrado mediante columnas y la prolongación de su espacio hasta el primer intercolumnio lateral, de modo que existió un pórtico de tamaño reducido en la parte delantera. Después del derribo de algunas casas adosadas al edificio romano, se ha constatado que la fachada principal estaba en el lado sur, donde se ha descubierto el arranque de la escalinata del templo. Como parte del conjunto religioso, a ambos lados de la fachada existían dos estanques con sus respectivos canales.”

(Fuente)


[EN] “It was built in the municipal forum of the Roman city Augusta Emerita following the usual configuration of the temples of classical antiquity and is the only Roman religious building that has survived in Mérida in an acceptable state of conservation. In reality, it was dedicated to the imperial cult, not to the goddess Diana, and it must have been one of the main temples of the city, judging by its dedication and the prominent place it occupied in the urban space.

The so-called temple of Diana was located in what was the central forum of Mérida, close to the intersection of the two main roads of the city, the cardo and the decumano, whose line it follows the current street of Santa Eulalia, and would be one of the monumental buildings that delimited this space. Oriented from north to south, its rear façade would be parallel to the decumano. Within the wide space of the forum, the temple was conceived with its own landscaped area, open to the forum, through a portico with pilasters and two ponds in front of the main facades.

The structure of this temple is similar to that of others such as the Maison Carrée in Nimes or the temples dedicated to Augustus in Vienne and Barcelona. The rectangular construction rises on a 3.23 m high podium covered with well-cut ashlars and arranged in rope and brand, which is finished off with a molded cornice. On this podium rises a colonnade of which we have preserved little more than half of the columns, enough to offer an overview of its original volume. It is a peripteral temple —that is, surrounded by columns— with a hexastyle portico —six columns on the front— and eleven columns on the larger sides. The proportions of its plant are 32 × 18.5 m, while the columns have a height of eight meters.

The columns rest on Attic bases and have a fluted shaft. On some sections of the Corinthian capitals, the architrave beam survives, whose original decoration we can guess from some fragments recovered in the excavations. No remains of the original roof of the building remain above this architrave, although the discovery of some loose pieces suggests that the triangular pediment had a semicircular arch, today reconstructed and clearly visible, similar to the one in the Temple. of Augustobriga in Talavera la Vieja, Cáceres.

All the elements were made of granite stone, extracted from various quarries around Mérida, but the exterior finish that they now present is very different from the original. They would be covered with stucco, as it has been possible to verify in some ashlars where it is still attached to the granite, with which the coarseness of this rock was concealed and the ornaments of the columns and capitals were outlined with more refinement. It is even possible that the basement was also covered in this way, as suggested by a fragment of stucco located on its surface.

The interior of the temple, the cella, cannot be reconstructed for now. There are only a few internal foundations left that allow us to glimpse the division of this sacred place by columns and the extension of its space up to the first lateral intercolumnium, so that there was a small portico at the front. After the demolition of some houses attached to the Roman building, it has been found that the main façade was on the south side, where the start of the temple staircase has been discovered. As part of the religious complex, on both sides of the façade there were two ponds with their respective channels.”

(Source)

The "Official Tourism" URL link to the attraction: [Web Link]

Hours of Operation:
Libre: 24h
Visita guiada: https://www.consorciomerida.org


Admission Prices:
Visita guiada: 3€


Approximate amount of time needed to fully experience the attraction: Up to 1 hour

Transportation options to the attraction: Personal Vehicle or Public Transportation

The attraction’s own URL: Not listed

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