The Rotunda of Mosta is a richly decorated church, the inside is much more richly decorated than the outside.
The porch consists of a double row of 6 pillars that support the roof. The roof has a pediment decorated with garlands and flowers. On the roof of the pediment are additional decorations in the form of leaves.
A decorated band around the round church just below the roof consists of various leaf and flower motifs.
Also along both towers are smaller bands with garland decorations in various places.
"The Sanctuary Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady (Maltese: Santwarju Bazilika ta' Santa Marija), commonly known as the Rotunda of Mosta (Maltese: Ir-Rotunda tal-Mosta) or the Mosta Dome, is a Roman Catholic parish church and basilica in Mosta, Malta, dedicated to the Assumption of Mary. It was built between 1833 and the 1860s to neoclassical designs of Giorgio Grognet de Vassé, on the site of an earlier Renaissance church which had been built around 1614 to designs of Tommaso Dingli.
The design of the present church is based on the Pantheon in Rome, has the third-largest unsupported dome in the world, and is Malta's largest and most famous church. The church narrowly avoided destruction during World War II when on 9 April 1942 a German aerial bomb pierced the dome and fell into the church during Mass, but failed to explode. This event was interpreted by the Maltese as a miracle.
History
Although Pietro Dusina recorded Mosta as a parish in his 1575 pastoral visit, the town actually became a parish in 1608. Plans to construct a new church began soon afterwards, and the church was built in around 1614 to designs attributed to the Renaissance architect Tommaso Dingli. This church was commonly called Ta' Ziri.
By the 1830s, the town's population had become too big for this church to cater to. Giorgio Grognet de Vassé proposed rebuilding the church on a neoclassical design based on the Pantheon in Rome. Despite opposition from Bishop Francesco Saverio Caruana, the design was approved, and construction of the church began on 30 May 1833.
Replica of the bomb which pierced the dome on 9 April 1942
The new church was built around the old church, which remained in use throughout the course of construction. The residents of Mosta helped in building the church, taking part in construction work on Sundays and public holidays. Since Grognet had never received any formal architectural training, he received consultation services from an architect of the Sammut family.
The rotunda took 28 years to build, being completed in the early 1860s.[3] The old church was demolished in 1860, and the new church did not need to be consecrated since the site had remained a place of worship throughout the course of construction. The church was officially dedicated on 15 October 1871."
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