County of city: Henry County
Location of old city hall: E. Main St. (MO-52) & E. Olive St., Calhoun
Elevation: 794'
Population: 459 (2013)
Named for South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun
The Person:
"John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President (1825-1832)
"John C. Calhoun assumed office as the nation's seventh vice president on March 4, 1825, during a period of extraordinary political ferment. The demise of the Federalist Party after the War of 1812 had not, as former president James Monroe had hoped, ushered in an "Era of Good Feelings," free from party divisions. Contrary to Monroe's expectations, the partisan strife of earlier years had not abated during his two terms as president but had, instead, infected the Republican Party, which had declined into a broad-based but rapidly disintegrating coalition of disparate elements. Five individuals, all of them Republicans, had entered the 1824 presidential contest, one of the most controversial and bitterly contested races in the nation's history. The "National Republicans," a group that included Calhoun, House Speaker Henry Clay, and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, supported an expansive, nationalist agenda; the "Radicals," allies of Treasury Secretary William Crawford, were strict constructionists and advocates of limited government. Other Republicans had rallied to the standard of Andrew Jackson, a former Tennessee senator and the military hero whose stunning victory at the Battle of New Orleans had salvaged the nation's pride during the War of 1812.
"Congress was changing, as well. The Senate, as Senator Robert C. Byrd has noted in his authoritative history, was "beginning to challenge the House as the principal legislative forum of the nation." Before the 1820s, the press and public had paid relatively little attention to the Senate's deliberations, being drawn instead to the livelier and more entertaining theater in the House of Representatives. By 1825 the House had become too large to permit the lengthy speeches and extended debates that had drawn observers to its galleries, while in the Senate, growth had brought increased influence. "At the formation of the Government," Calhoun observed in his inaugural remarks, "the members of the Senate were, probably, too small to attract the full confidence of the people, and thereby give to it that weight in the system which the Constitution intended. This defect has, however, been happily removed by an extraordinary growth"—11new states, and 22 senators, in a 36-year period. The 1819-1820 debate over the extension of slavery into the Missouri territory signaled that an era of increasingly virulent sectional discord had arrived. The Senate, with its equality of representation among states and rules permitting extended debate, would become the forum where sectional concerns were aired, debated, and reconciled during the next quarter century, a momentous era known to scholars as "The Golden Age of the Senate."
"Calhoun, who presided over the Senate at the dawning of its Golden Age, had reached the height of his career. Given his meteoric rise to national prominence as a talented young congressman during the War of 1812 and his solid record of accomplishment as secretary of war during Monroe's administration, he had every reason to assume that he would one day become president." ~ United States Senate
The Place:
History of Calhoun
1835 . . . . . .
The Oldest Town in Henry County
"The founding of Calhoun, the oldest town in Henry County, is credited to James Nash of Tennessee in 1835. Nash donated the two-acre square for a public park and procured the services of John S. Lingle to plat the new village in 1837. Calhoun is named in honor of John C. Calhoun (1782-1850), the "cast-iron" senator and vice president from South Carolina. Benjamin L. Durritt, a school-teacher, purchased the first lot on May 1837; however, it was Calhoun's postmaster who built the first house.
"One writer described the town in those early years. "There were in this village (which was called Calhoun) twelve houses besides the hotel and the blacksmith's shop; there were no stores, and no wagon road; and the grass grew as luxuriantly in the street as out on the prairie."
"Soon, Calhoun became the center of Henry County commerce, boasting one dry goods, two grocery and three general stores. Although more populated at the time, Calhoun lost its bid for county seat to Clinton in 1841. Its location was not central to the county.
Jugtown: the Queen of Pottery
"The pottery business was one of the earliest industries in Calhoun. Six companies were in operation at one time, and a total of eight were located here. The exceptional clay deposits nearby supplied a thriving business even prior to the railroad. After the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Co. arrived in July 1870, the potteries enlarged operations and began to ship their products (crocks, bowls, jugs, etc.) to other states, earning Calhoun the nickname Jugtown.
"The last of the potteries closed around 1910, and little evidence is left today of the once-thriving industry. Potter Street, where a few of the crockery works were located, was changed to Depot Street. As a testament to change, even the depot is gone. Still, one historian writes that Calhoun was the Queen of Pottery. In celebration of this history, the Calhoun Pottery Festival is held each year in conjunction with the Colt Show.
1870 . . . . . . .
The Best Colt in the County
"I've got the best colt in the county," bragged Frank Richards one summer's day in 1902. "I don't know so well about that," challenged Bud Garret. "I've got a couple of pretty good ones myself. Bring your colt in and we'll compare." With this exchange of words, the Calhoun Colt Show was born. The Clarion, Calhoun's newspaper, announced the pending exhibition, and local businesses contributed the purse. In the end, Frank Richards was right. Three judges declared his colt the best in the county.
"Since then, except in wartime, the Calhoun Colt Show has been held annually in September. The event has grown to include competitions in 4H exhibits, livestock, produce and the selection of Colt Show Queen. Competition for the queen's crown began in 1957.
1910 . . . . . .
From Rail to Trail
"Calhoun claims a lengthy history even prior to the railroad, but not until the train's arrival (1870) was the town incorporated. The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Co., (MKT or Katy) provided an all-weather dependable route for shipping and receiving manufactured goods. Calhoun's prosperity blossomed, and by 1899 the population doubled to its all-time high of 1,000.
"This prosperity was not to last. First, the potteries closed in 1910, then came the Great Depression and two world wars. As Clinton and Windsor grew, Calhoun declined. Its population in 2000 of 491 is less than it was in 1880.
"The Katy Railroad discontinued passenger service in 1958. Overbuilt and hard-pressed to compete with larger railroads and modern trucking, Katy filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission in August 1986 to discontinue rail use between Sedalia and Machens. Two years later, Katy merged into the Union Pacific Railroad. Union Pacific generously donated the rail corridor between Sedalia and Clinton to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources in December 1991.
"The Department of Natural Resources reopened this line to non-motorized travelers as an extension of Katy Trail State Park on Sept. 12, 1999. Appreciation is due to Paul M. and Jessie Lee Eaton for donating the land on which you stand for the development of trailhead facilities." ~ Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Divison of State Parks