"Description
It extends in the Galician municipalities of Carballeda de Avia , Leiro and Avión , within the region of O Ribeiro, in the province of Orense , in Spain . It constitutes an extension to the northeast of the Sierra de O Suído, which has an approximate area of ??998 hectares, between the basins of the Avia and Miño rivers .
The area is made up of a granitic massif with a southwest-northeast trend characterized by a complex association of geological forms that are of special interest due to their uniqueness. The importance of the mountain range is given by the plutonic mass that gives rise to a batholith of 18 km in the meridian direction and 7 km in the east-west direction, made up of Hercynian granitic rocks, of post-cinematic age, with a general calcoalkaline and subalkaline composition, appearing biotitic granites and biotitic-amphibole granodiorites, although not all of the massif has similar facies, this crystalline differentiation being what gave rise to differences in the geomorphological evolution that made possible the existence of the Pena Corneira massif and its associated forms: granitic ridges, domes alveoli, depressed corridors and chaos of balls.
Flora
Pena Corneira, Carballeda de Avia.
Pena Corneira.
The potential tree formations present in the environment correspond to the hilly bioclimatic floor of the Euro-Siberian region, with Quercus robur forests from the association Rusco acualeati-Quercetum roboris , with some Quercus pyrenaica oak , Castanea sativa chestnut trees and Laurus nobilis laurels . Varied floristic elements coexist in the undergrowth: Pyrus cordata , Lonicera periclymenum , Frangula alnus , Crataegus monogyna , along with some Mediterranean element such as the strawberry tree Arbutus unedo. The scrub in the area is dominated by the following species: Cytisus striatus , Ulex europaeus , Ulex minor , Genista triacanthos , and Pteridium aquilinum , among others. In the streams there will be a gallery forest characterized by Alnus glutinosa alder trees , accompanied by the Quercus robur oak , along with Fraxinus excelsior ash trees and Betula pendula birches . 1
In the higher altitude areas, the potential tree formations present correspond to the montane bioclimatic floor of the Euro-Siberian region, with Quercus robur forests from the Vaccinio myrtilli-Quercetum roboris association, highlighting other species such as: the birch Betula celtiberica , the holly Ilex aquifolium or the chestnut Castanea sativa . Varied floristic elements coexist in the undergrowth: Pyrus cordata , Vaccinium myrtillus , Rubus sp or Pteridium aquilinum . The scrub in the area is dominated by the following species: Ulex europaeus , Ulex minor , Daboecia cantabrica, Erica cinerea , Erica arborea or Halimium alyssoides , among others. In the streams there will be a gallery forest characterized by Alnus glutinosa alders , Salix atrocinerea willows , Fraxinus excelsior ash trees and mainly Betula celtiberica birches . 1
The wooded area was populated for the most part by oak groves of Quercus robur oak and Quercus pyrenaica oak groves , accompanied by copses or isolated feet of other hardwoods such as chestnut Castanea sativa , willow Salix atrocinerea , alder Alnus glutinosa , in the lower areas the cork oak Quercus suber and in the highlands the birch Betula celtiberica , also appearing mixed with the previous small masses and groves of pines and eucalyptus in the places of lower altitude of the proposed area. 1 As for the thickets, they are made up of heaths ( Erica arborea , Erica cinereaErica umbellata , E. aragonensis and E. ciliaris ), tojales ( Ulex europaeus ) and retamas ( Cytisus striatus , C. scoparius y C. multiflorus ).
Wildlife
In terms of fauna, there are various taxa of different categories depending on the altitude of the area and its biogeographical situation, highlighting amphibians such as Discoglossus galganoi , birds such as Buteo buteo , Certhia brachydactila or mammals such as the Lutra lutra , Rhinolophus ferrumequinum . , Canis lupus , among others.
Natural monument
It was declared a Natural Monument on December 20, 2007 , at the end of a process that began in January of that year. 23 The announcement was officially published in the Official Gazette of Galicia on January 28, 2008"
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